22 August 2025

From Second Chances to Final Orders: TYB v CAR and the Perils of Non-Disclosure

In family finance cases, the golden rule is simple: disclose everything. The courts cannot divide what they cannot see. Yet the recent sequel judgment in TYB v CAR (Non-Disclosure) (No 2) [2025] EWFC 263 shows what happens when one party repeatedly refuses to play by the rules.

The Backstory – TYB v CAR [2023] EWFC 261 (B)

Back in 2023, Deputy District Judge Hodson faced a difficult choice. The husband had failed to provide proper financial disclosure, despite repeated opportunities. Instead of ploughing on to a final hearing with incomplete information, the judge reluctantly granted him one last chance. The message was clear: comply now, or face serious consequences.

Fast Forward to 2025 – Non-Disclosure Continues

Unfortunately, little changed. By the time the case returned in 2025, the husband had still not provided a full picture of his finances. The court had no reliable disclosure, no credible explanation, and no sign of engagement with the process.

This time, patience had run out. The judge concluded that the only way forward was to make findings based on the available evidence, drawing adverse inferences where necessary.

The Outcome

The judgment demonstrates the firm but fair tools available to the court in dealing with non-disclosers:

  • Maintenance: The husband was ordered to pay £5,500 per month in maintenance to the wife. This figure reflected his historic earnings and lifestyle, rather than his (unsubstantiated) claims of financial difficulty.
  • Arrears & Indemnities: He was required to clear arrears and indemnify the wife against debts he had wrongly left in her name.
  • Costs: A costs order of nearly £39,000 was made against him, reflecting the unnecessary litigation caused by his failure to cooperate.
  • Capital Claims Adjourned: The wife’s capital claims were adjourned for up to ten years, leaving the door open in case hidden assets surface.

Why This Matters for Practitioners

The two judgments taken together chart the journey from judicial forbearance to judicial firmness:

  • Initial tolerance: Courts are reluctant to make final orders without disclosure, giving parties every chance to comply.
  • Finality: Eventually, though, the need for closure outweighs the hope of voluntary compliance. The court will use its powers to infer, to adjust, and to penalise.
  • Adverse inferences are powerful: When disclosure is withheld, judges can and will draw conclusions from lifestyle, spending, and the absence of evidence.
  • Strategic risk: Non-disclosure doesn’t just fail — it often backfires, leading to worse outcomes than honest disclosure might have produced.

Final Thought

TYB v CAR is a cautionary tale in two parts. In 2023, the husband was given a reprieve; in 2025, the court called time. The lesson is as old as family finance itself: disclosure is not optional. Inch by inch, excuse by excuse, a non-discloser may delay the process — but eventually, the court will reach the finishing line, and it rarely ends well for the obstructive party.

22 April 2025

Ignorance Isn’t Always Bliss: Shared Misunderstanding in Financial Disclosure

In family law, few allegations carry more weight than material non-disclosure. When a party believes they were misled during financial remedy proceedings, the remedy they seek is serious: setting aside a final order. But what if no one really understood the full picture—not even the alleged “deceiver”?

The recent decision in Norman v Norman [2025] EWFC 107 (B) offers a compelling insight into this dilemma. The case challenges the usual narrative of one party hiding assets and the other being deceived. Instead, it presents a situation where both parties may have negotiated in good faith but with an incomplete understanding of key facts.

The Background

The wife applied to set aside a financial remedy consent order made in 2023, alleging that the husband had failed to disclose a beneficial interest in certain trust arrangements—referred to as the St Ives Trusts. She argued that this interest, once properly understood and quantified, revealed that the husband had significantly understated his financial resources at the time the consent order was agreed.

Her application followed a dispute the husband had with the trust shortly after the order was made, which resulted in him obtaining a substantial award of assets.

The Court’s View

District Judge Veal considered whether there had been material non-disclosure sufficient to justify setting aside the 2023 order. The judgment is notable for its rejection of a simplistic “concealer vs. victim” framing.

The court concluded that:

  • At the time of the 2023 order, the husband did not have a clear or present entitlement under the trust and was engaged in a dispute about his position.
  • The wife’s own evidence was inconsistent, including posts she made on online legal forums before the consent order was approved.
  • The court could not be satisfied that either party fully understood the true nature or value of the husband’s potential trust interest at the time.

The result? The wife’s application was refused. There was no sufficient evidence of knowing non-disclosure, and no basis to overturn the order.

Why This Case Is Different

What sets this case apart is that it wasn’t about concealment—it was about mutual lack of clarity. The respondent may have had a latent entitlement, but it was tied up in unresolved legal questions. The applicant might have suspected there was more to the picture but chose not to explore it fully—or waited until the situation became more advantageous.

This poses a crucial question for family lawyers: ‘Can a party claim material non-disclosure when they themselves might have misunderstood, overlooked, or tolerated the ambiguity at the time of settlement?’

Practical Lessons for Practitioners

  • Finality matters. Courts remain cautious about disturbing financial remedy orders, especially where both parties had legal advice and reached agreement through proper process.
  • Disclosure is a two-way street. If your client has concerns, they must raise them before the order is made. Waiting to see how things turn out rarely plays well with the court.
  • Timing is everything. Applications made only after a financial windfall—or the resolution of a dispute—will always attract scrutiny as to motive.
  • Credibility is key. Inconsistent evidence, delayed action, and online commentary can seriously undermine an applicant’s case.

Conclusion

Norman v Norman is a subtle and significant reminder that not every post-order financial development justifies reopening a case. It shows that mutual misunderstanding doesn’t equate to deliberate deception, and that if both parties negotiated in the shadow of uncertainty, the court may still hold them to their bargain.

If you’re advising a client who believes their ex concealed assets, this case highlights a critical truth: to succeed, the claim must rest on more than hindsight and suspicion. It must be supported by evidence, timing, and credibility.

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